As such, programming languages are needed for all sorts of purposes. Some languages are easier to use and understand for programmers high-level languages but offer less control over computers. Others are more machine-friendly low-level languages , making them faster to execute and more memory-efficient, but harder for humans to understand. Whether for particular machines or tasks, these can be quite niche and varied.
There is a useful guide for keeping track of the programming languages that are the most popular. The TIOBE Programming Community index tracks these rankings monthly, based on the number of skilled engineers world-wide as well as things like available courses and third-party vendors.
At the time of writing, some of the top programming languages include:. These two languages determine much of the structure and style of webpages. Object-oriented programming languages are easy to manipulate, reuse, and scale, making them ideal for structuring software. Another main type of programming language is known as functional programming.
These languages are based on mathematical functions, using linear mathematical logic. The C programming language was first released back in C is a versatile language that has uses in many different areas.
You can also use C to create games, graphics, and apps that use lots of calculations. There are other high-level languages such as Python that offer a better starting point. That being said, there are plenty of online resources for learning C.
As far as easy-to-learn programming languages go, Python is up there with the best of them. Python is an object-oriented, high-level programming language launched in Because of how versatile a language it is, Python has many applications. As well as being good for general use, such as for web applications, it also has many areas of specialisation.
A good example of the latter is for artificial intelligence AI and machine learning. Python is an advanced programming language that is interpreted, object-oriented and built on flexible and robust semantics. Python lets you work quickly to integrate systems as a scripting or glue language.
Python was developed in the late s at CWI in the Netherlands and first released to the public in Java is a general-purpose, object-oriented, high-level programming language with several features that make it ideal for web-based development.
Java is used to develop enterprise-level applications for video games and mobile apps, as well as to create web-based applications with JSP Java Server Pages. When used online, Java allows applets to be downloaded and used through a browser, which can then perform a function not normally available.
The language was introduced to the public in and is now owned by Oracle. Ruby is an open-sourced, object-oriented scripting language that can be used independently or as part of the Ruby on Rails web framework.
HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages; it ensures proper formatting of text and images using tags so that Internet browsers can display them in the ways they were intended to look. HTML is used to create electronic documents pages displayed online. Visit any page and you will see an example of HTML in action.
Before then, all communication was sent using plain text. JavaScript is a client-side programming language that runs inside a client browser and processes commands on a computer rather than a server. Non-computational languages, such as markup languages like HTML or formal grammars like BNF, are usually not considered programming languages. It is a usual approach to embed a programming language into the non-computational host language, to express templates for the host language.
Purpose A prominent purpose of programming languages is to provide instructions to a computer. As such, programming languages differ from most other forms of human expression in that they require a greater degree of precision and completeness. When using a natural language to communicate with other people, human authors and speakers can be ambiguous and make small errors, and still expect their intent to be understood.
However, computers do exactly what they are told to do, and cannot understand the code the programmer "intended" to write. The combination of the language definition, the program, and the program's inputs must fully specify the external behaviour that occurs when the program is executed. Many languages have been designed from scratch, altered to meet new needs, combined with other languages, and eventually fallen into disuse.
Although there have been attempts to design one "universal" computer language that serves all purposes, all of them have failed to be accepted in this role. Scripting languages, which do not require a compiler, use an interpreter to execute the script. Each of the different programming languages mentioned in the next section can be broken into one or more of the following types paradigms of languages.
There are other paradigms that can classify a programming language. We've tried to list only the most common as a starting point. A language can also be broken into one of five generation languages.
Today, there are hundreds of different programming languages. The following section contains an index of the different programming and scripting languages currently listed on our site.
Clicking any of the following languages displays an explanation and examples of that language. They are markup , style sheet , and database management languages that are included in the list for those who may consider them as a programming language.
Those new to computer programming may find the list above overwhelming. Figuring out where to start depends on the type of computer programming you want to do. The next section lists different fields of programming, and the languages to consider for each. There are several programming languages listed above that may not be in the following categories.
The reason for this is that we have elected to list only the most popular choices to avoid confusion. Application and program development involves programs you work with on a daily basis.
For example, the Internet browser you are using to view this web page is considered a program.
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